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Robust and Reliable Early-Stage Website Fingerprinting Attacks via Spatial-Temporal Distribution Analysis

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Website Fingerprinting (WF) attacks identify the websites visited by users by performing traffic analysis, compromising user privacy. Particularly, DL-based WF attacks demonstrate impressive attack performance. However, the effectiveness of DL-based WF attacks relies on the collected complete and pure traffic during the page loading, which impacts the practicality of these attacks. The WF performance is rather low under dynamic network conditions and various WF defenses, particularly when the analyzed traffic is only a small part of the complete traffic. In this paper, we propose Holmes, a robust and reliable early-stage WF attack. Holmes utilizes temporal and spatial distribution analysis of website traffic to effectively identify websites in the early stages of page loading. Specifically, Holmes develops adaptive data augmentation based on the temporal distribution of website traffic and utilizes a supervised contrastive learning method to extract the correlations between the early-stage traffic and the pre-collected complete traffic. Holmes accurately identifies traffic in the early stages of page loading by computing the correlation of the traffic with the spatial distribution information, which ensures robust and reliable detection according to early-stage traffic. We extensively evaluate Holmes using six datasets. Compared to nine existing DL-based WF attacks, Holmes improves the F1-score of identifying early-stage traffic by an average of 169.18%. Furthermore, we replay the traffic of visiting real-world dark web websites. Holmes successfully identifies dark web websites when the ratio of page loading on average is only 21.71%, with an average precision improvement of 169.36% over the existing WF attacks.


Artificial Intelligence in SEO (2022 Extreme Edition) - Coursemetry

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Note: 3.8/5 (279 notes) 36,854 students Welcome to experience the course "Artificial Intelligence in SEO (2022 Extreme Edition)". Looking for the word called "Popularity" to come to life? It's good to be heard, of course, and everything, but is that really the point? To be able to applaud and say, yeahโ€ฆ I had 1,000,000 visits last year to my websiteโ€ฆ that may be amazing, but why is website traffic important to your business or any business, for that matter? Website traffic (or the number of visitors to your website) is significant because the number of visitors is equal to the number of new customer opportunities.


How to Use AI in B2B Marketing: 7 Tips and Tricks

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the process of programming a computer to make decisions for itself. This type of independent and self-learning system has a wide range of applications in modern business, including B2B marketing. Although it's still in the early stages of development and application, AI can already help B2B marketers in a number of ways. After analyzing dozens of use cases, we picked the ones that proved to be most efficient. In this post, we will explain the basics of B2B marketing and show you seven tips and tricks on how to use AI in this field of business.


Future of Digital Marketing

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Companies in industries like retail, banking, and healthcare are now starting to use computing in their marketing attempts While AI is generally used in marketing automation to automate essential tasks like reporting on website traffic and suggesting keywords that will optimize a company's primary search outcomes, marketers While AI is generally utilized in marketing automation to automate basic tasks like reporting on website traffic and recommending keywords that will optimize a company's organic search results, marketers are exploring AI applications that may predict what customers are likely to shop for within the future supported their past purchases and browsing history. In 2022, look at ways to use AI together with SEO and other digital marketing strategies. You'll be surprised at what AI can accomplish and how it's going to be a gamechanger in this digital era Valued at $9 billion in 2020, the influencer market is estimated to achieve $15 billion by 2022, with the bulk of marketers reporting that they budget quite 20 percent of their spend on influencer content. Many streamers, vloggers, comedians, chess players, gamers will join these influencer markets in huge numbers within a very short period. Should we return to events that happen only within a physical location?


Google Analytics 4 Unifies App and Web Analytics, Adds AI and Marketing Enhancements

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When any web or digital professional thinks "analytics," the first name that comes to mind is Google. And for good reason: the Google Analytics platform is the most widely used on the planet. Every day, millions of individuals and organizations rely on Google's insights as their "source of truth," helping them to better understand their customers and improve their digital experience. Google Analytics 4 was just released, and everyone from developers to digital marketers have been eagerly anticipating this update. The good news: it doesn't disappoint.


Outlier Detection with RNN Autoencoders

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Anomalies, often referred to as outliers, are data points, data sequences or patterns in data which do not conform to the overarching behaviour of the data series. As such, anomaly detection is the task of detecting data points or sequences which don't conform to patterns present in the broader data. The effective detection and removal of anomalous data can provide highly useful insights across a number of business functions, such as detecting broken links embedded within a website, spikes in internet traffic, or dramatic changes in stock prices. Flagging these phenomena as outliers, or enacting a pre-planned response can save businesses both time and money. Anomalous data can typically be separated into three distinct categories, Additive Outliers, Temporal Changes, or Level Shifts. Additive Outliers are characterised by sudden large increases or decreases in value, which can be driven by exogenous or endogenous factors.


Use cases for AI and ML in cyber security - Information Age

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As cyber attacks get more diverse in nature and targets, it's essential that cyber security staff have the right visibility to determine how to solve vulnerabilities accordingly, and AI can help to come up with problems that its human colleagues can't alone. "Cyber security resembles a game of chess," said Greg Day, chief security officer EMEA at Palo Alto Networks. "The adversary looks to outmanoeuvre the victim, the victim aims to stop and block the adversary's attack. Data is the king and the ultimate prize. "In 1996, an AI chess system, Deep Blue, won its first game against world champion, Garry Kasparov.


Content Clustering: 50 Tips for Content Planning with Topic Clustering.

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Have you decided to tune your business into the next level evolution of SEO? There is a buzz around the content cluster on social media platforms and over the internet. SEO content managers and specialists are always struggling to balance the search engine optimization and content quality in the same quantity and quality. Here are the fantastic tips that you need to know content clustering where the content planning with topic clustering works better. The content clustering is the idea that concentrates on a single point of purpose where the creation of cluster related and interlinking the information through hyperlinks.


Jepto Review: Newest Artificial Intelligence And Predictive Analytics Marketing Tool

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Data, meaningful data is the coveted, vital holy grail of Analytics and Data Driven Marketing. Jepto is the newest artificial intelligence and predictive analytics marketing tool that is the first of its kind, using machine learning to monitor KPI and predict whether they will be met or will fall short. There have been a number of platforms which try to use artificial intelligence, such as Crystal, which I have used. It was a terrible product and did not do anything useful. Jepto, on the other hand has so many benefits and is well thought out, yet friendly to users with an easy onboarding process, this is a piece of software agencies and serious online marketers have to watch out for.


Nasir's Blog Design Thinking in AI

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An AI organization intends to employ machine learning and data science tools and techniques to automate and/or enhance its manual or rule based businesses processes. This would help that organization to improve efficiency, reduce cost and scale the business. These days most organizations are working to transform themselves into AI organizations, mainly due to recent advances in machine learning methods, cheaper compute and storage and digitization of businesses processes. The entire ecosystem has arrived at a point where this transformation is not a choice but has become a necessity to stay both relevant and competitive in years to come. AI transformation requires an organization to work on many fronts such as infrastructure development, upgrade existing resources, adding new hires, migrate and uplift legacy systems, develop new machine learning models and AI applications, defining security and privacy protocols, reference architecture etc. Unfortunately, most of the organizations are either not ready for this or doing it improperly.